Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. 2. d>(ZvO= As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream H\0y Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Content Outline Earthquakes For Teaching - Mrs. Parsiola's Homepage, Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers, Earthquake Facts & Worksheets | Mechanism, Impact, Events, Quiz & Worksheet - Causes Of Earthquakes - Study.com, 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key | PDF - Scribd, Bill Nye-The Science Guy * - Biloxi Public Schools, psc plus two level preliminary exam syllabus pdf 2023, first tuesday real estate principles exam answers, ies exam pattern for mechanical engineering, resultados examen practico dgt las palmas, exame de sangue precisa de quanto tempo de jejum, sslc question paper 2023 karnataka pdf with answers social science, examen de formacion civica y etica tercer grado secundaria, ctet exam date 2023 application form last date, why is it important to do self breast exams, quanto tempo depois de infectado pelo hiv aparece no exame. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. Figure 8. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. 1. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. What are those limits? "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. 0000004457 00000 n 0000030968 00000 n Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. Finding the Epicenter. 0000098546 00000 n Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? 0000001562 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n The process is called triangulation. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. 01. graph. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. You learned that seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter using the difference between S and P wave arrival times. 0000031066 00000 n Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Section A - Operator Information 1. Use this information to complete the following. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Thanks for your feedback! S waves. earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? (Grades Do limits exist on what science can predict? cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream 0000001746 00000 n Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. (Grades 9 - 12). 0000001777 00000 n We additionally manage to pay for . hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X 0000001861 00000 n Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. 0000103591 00000 n Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) located 1,000 miles from the Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . 9 - Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Subject Areas: n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF Question 5 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Questions 5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. 1. by. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. 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In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. 74 Earthquake Activity: Locating the Epicenter and Time of Earthquake . For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. Copyright 2023. 0000004511 00000 n Expert Answer. S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif to the lag time measured at this location? Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. 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In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. Seismic Waves. Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. %%EOF 0000003991 00000 n Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Details. Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. HTn0MmcHCB Legal. BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. All rights reserved. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. For this activity, select the "Chile" box. Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? Do you agree with this alignment? Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. 5 4. Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey You can also download it, export it or print it out. If your seismograph station is (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. It takes S waves 14. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. The distance is in kilometers. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. 4. How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. 0000006011 00000 n What is the A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. 0000001408 00000 n Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream 0000078100 00000 n A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. What data is used to determine magnitude? Quick Tips. How might they use this information? 0000030504 00000 n How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. 0 Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. 0000053998 00000 n 0000007097 00000 n Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. minutes? Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People, Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation, Earthquake Station - Regents Earth Science, Locating Earthquakes Teaching Resources - TPT, Locating An Epicenter Teaching Resources - TPT, How To Find The Epicenter Of An Earthquake - YouTube, Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet, Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answers, glencoe responsible driving chapter 2 answers, pnp neuro psychiatric exam sample questions, quais tipos de drogas sao detectadas no exame toxicologico, centro de apoio diagnostico resultado de exames, locating earthquake epicenter worksheet answer key, exame pcr covid para viagem internacional, quantos dias pra sair o resultado do exame de covid, du ma political science entrance exam syllabus 2023, earth and life science grade 11 module 4 genetic engineering answer key, go math grade 5 chapter 11 lesson 11.9 answer key, civil service examination in the philippines. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Thanks for your feedback! inch = 500 km. ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. Figure 2. The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. 1. What data is used to determine magnitude? HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream 2. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. 6. Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. earthquake though). Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). (from left to right). Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. lag time. longer or shorter). Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 107 0 obj <>stream Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. %PDF-1.3 % Many updates and improvements! (Listen to student ideas.) The lag time for any Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? 0000004224 00000 n Use this information to complete the following. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. 0000033429 00000 n 61 33 Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. Epicenter. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. As the drum rotated, the Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? Focal Depth. What is an earthquake? 61 0 obj <> endobj xref When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. at that station. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. 0000001893 00000 n 13. epicenter, the longer the lag time measured Therefore, the lag Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! epicenter of an earthquake, how velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the 0000078169 00000 n Zip. 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. 0000002507 00000 n Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Cross), Give Me Liberty! 0000002009 00000 n Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. 0000106240 00000 n Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Do you agree with this alignment? 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. 0000001533 00000 n See Answer. The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement.
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